Assessment of vertigo and dizziness in individuals following COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that affects not only the respiratory system but also the central and peripheral nervous systems. Dizziness, vertigo, and balance problems are among the most frequently reported neurological complaints following COVID-19 infection.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dizziness/vertigo in patients who had COVID-19 and to examine the associated risk factors.

This cross-sectional study evaluated 296 patients aged 20-66 years who had recovered from COVID-19. Demographic information and clinical assessment questions related to COVID-19 infection were collected. To assess dizziness/vertigo, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was used to evaluate disability related to dizziness, while the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess balance status. All assessments were conducted by the same physician.

More than 70% of the participants were female, with a mean age of 46.12 ± 8.21 years. Dizziness/vertigo was present in 25.34% of the 296 patients. Vertigo symptoms were found to be associated with BBS and DHI scores (p < 0.05). Symptoms associated with dizziness/vertigo included a sense of distress, nausea, blurred vision, and tinnitus (p < 0.05). Additionally, 24% of patients reported that their dizziness worsened with stress, while 30.7% stated that it increased with movement.

Persistent vertigo symptoms may occur following COVID-19 infection. Given the significant impact of dizziness and balance disturbances on daily life, a multidisciplinary approach involving physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology, and otolaryngology is essential for comprehensive assessment and management. Identifying risk factors and addressing symptoms early may improve patient outcomes and quality of life.