Form and Function in Mobulids: A Comparative Analysis of Filter Morphology With Bioinspiration Applications

Area of Science:

• Marine Biology
• Biomechanics
• Bioinspired Engineering

Background:

• Mobulas (manta and devil rays) are large ram filter feeders.
• They utilize a unique ricochet separation mechanism to prevent filter clogging.
• Previous research has not fully explored morphological variations in mobulid filter structures and their functional impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically investigate the gross morphology of the filtering structure in seven mobulid species.
• To understand how morphological variations impact filtration efficiency and prey selectivity.
• To interpret the functional ramifications of observed variations using modeling studies.

Main Methods:

• Computed tomography and macro photography were used to examine filter anatomy.
• Phylogenetically-corrected morphospaces were reconstructed to identify key drivers of variation.
• Gross anatomy was inspected, focusing on filter plate asymmetry.

Main Results:

• Filter morphology is highly variable across mobulid species, with primary pore dimensions being a major driver.
• A conserved asymmetry was found in anterior and posterior filter plates, suggesting novel water impingement angles.
• Most mobulid filter morphologies appear optimized for high efficiency and low resistance, but are sensitive to flow conditions.

Conclusions:

• Morphological variations in mobulid filter structures influence filtration and feeding.
• Understanding these variations provides insights into mobulid ecology and informs bioinspired filter design.
• Detailed anatomical studies are crucial for developing advanced bioinspired filtration systems.