The Impact of Intermaxillary Fixation Screws on Long-Term Dental Complications in Pediatric Facial Fractures

Facial fractures are a significant aspect of pediatric trauma cases. The impact of intermaxillary fixation (IMF) using screws on dental development, particularly in pediatric patients undergoing primary and mixed dentition, remains a subject of concern. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of IMF screws on tooth bud development in pediatric patients. A retrospective review was conducted of patients aged 3 to 12 who underwent facial fracture surgery using IMF screws between January 2010 and May 2024. Out of 45 patients, 9 were included based on inclusion criteria. The study assessed fracture localization, treatment methods, and follow-up outcomes through surgical reports, radiographs, and clinical evaluations. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 7 years. Most fractures were localized in the mandible, with parasymphyseal and condylar regions being the most common. IMF screws were used in 8 cases, with durations ranging from 13 to 22 days and a mean follow-up period of 7.4 years. Eruption issues were noted in 2 patients, potentially related to fracture lines or other factors. No malformations, developmental delays, or eruption problems were observed in maxillary teeth. The use of IMF screws did not result in significant dental complications in patients aged 3 to 12 years old. This study suggests that IMF screws can be a safe option for stabilizing pediatric facial fractures without adverse effects on dental development, supported by the extended follow-up period and the absence of major complications.