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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

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Electrocardiogram-Based Artificial Intelligence to Identify Coronary Artery Disease.

Shinwan Kany1, Samuel F Friedman2, Mostafa Al-Alusi3

  • 1Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

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PubMed
Summary

A new deep learning model, ECG2CAD, can detect coronary artery disease (CAD) using electrocardiograms (ECGs) and identify high-risk individuals. This AI tool shows promise for early detection and preventive care in primary settings.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencecoronary artery diseaseelectrocardiogramprediction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of illness and death.
  • Early detection of CAD is crucial for effective management and prevention of adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a deep learning model (ECG2CAD) for detecting CAD using electrocardiograms (ECGs).
  • To identify individuals at risk for adverse events in a primary care setting using ECG data.

Main Methods:

  • Trained ECG2CAD on over 760,000 ECGs from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).
  • Evaluated model performance using AUROC and AUPRC in MGH, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), and UK Biobank datasets.
  • Assessed risk for incident CAD-related events in a BWH primary care cohort.

Main Results:

  • ECG2CAD demonstrated consistent performance in discriminating prevalent CAD across all test sets.
  • The model showed incremental value over traditional risk models (age, sex, Pooled Cohort Equations).
  • High ECG2CAD risk scores correlated with significantly increased risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and all-cause mortality.

Conclusions:

  • AI-powered ECG analysis can aid in identifying individuals with potential undiagnosed CAD.
  • This technology can inform further diagnostic testing and preventive strategies for CAD.
  • ECG2CAD offers a promising tool for risk stratification in primary care settings.