Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Plate Design Influences Interfragmentary Compression: An In Vitro Study

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Orthopedics
• Biomechanical Engineering
• Surgical Implant Technology

Background:

• Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) is a common procedure for canine cruciate ligament rupture.
• Achieving optimal interfragmentary compression is crucial for stable fixation and healing.
• Different TPLO plate designs may offer varying compression characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the immediate, static interfragmentary compression patterns of three distinct TPLO plate designs.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of Synthes, Arthrex, and Biocurve TPLO plates in generating compression.

Main Methods:

• TPLO was performed on 15 synthetic canine tibiae using 3D-printed guides.
• Compression was quantified using pressure-sensitive films (Prescale).
• Three 3.5-mm TPLO plates (Synthes, Arthrex, Biocurve) were tested five times each, with compression analyzed in four quadrants.

Main Results:

• Significant differences in overall interfragmentary compression were observed among the plates (p < 0.001).
• The Biocurve plate demonstrated the highest and most uniform compression across all quadrants.
• The Arthrex plate showed high compression in one quadrant and moderate in others, while the Synthes plate exhibited the lowest compression.

Conclusions:

• The Biocurve TPLO plate, featuring two angled dynamic compression screw holes, provides superior and more uniform interfragmentary compression.
• Further clinical studies are warranted to determine the clinical relevance of these biomechanical findings.