Concentration-dependent biphasic toxicity and steroidogenic stimulation by aminocarb in murine Leydig cells

Exposure to environmental chemicals, like pesticides, can impair male reproductive health by affecting Leydig cell (LC) function. This study investigated aminocarb, a widely used carbamate pesticide, and its impact on murine LCs (BLTK1 cell line). We observed a concentration-dependent biphasic toxicity, where higher aminocarb concentrations (500 μM) reduced LC viability, while lower doses (5 and 50 μM) unexpectedly increased it. Aminocarb selectively disrupted mitochondrial complexes I and III without altering overall mitochondrial respiration or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Notably, 50 μM aminocarb enhanced androstenedione production, a key androgen precursor. This research highlights the nuanced impact of aminocarb on LCs, suggesting targeted mitochondrial effects and steroidogenic stimulation, with implications for male reproductive health and environmental toxicology.