Microbiome modulation in dermatological disorders: Current insights and therapeutic prospects - A narrative review

The human skin microbiome is a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that plays a vital role in maintaining skin health and protecting against pathogens. Disruptions in the delicate balance of the skin microbiome have been implicated in various dermatological disorders, including atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, and psoriasis. This narrative review explores current insights into microbiome modulation as a therapeutic approach for skin disorders. We further discussed strategies such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, bacteriophage therapy, and topical formulations designed to restore microbial balance. This narrative review also examines the challenges in translating microbiome research into clinical practice, including individual variability in microbiome composition and regulatory considerations. By synthesizing recent advances in skin microbiome research, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the potential for microbiome-based therapies in dermatology and highlights future directions for this rapidly evolving field.