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Precipitation of Ions

Precipitation of Ions

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The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:

Redox Titration: Iodimetry and Iodometry

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Iodometry and iodimetry are analytical methods used to determine the concentration of oxidizing or reducing agents using iodine. In iodometric titrations, the oxidizing analyte solution is usually acidified and treated with an excess of iodide ions, which generates an equivalent amount of iodine in equilibrium with triiodide. The released iodine is subsequently titrated directly against a standardized reducing agent. As the dilute iodine color becomes pale yellow, a few drops of freshly...

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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

Published on: September 12, 2018

Balanced Iodophilicity and Solvophilicity Unlocks Fast Iodine Conversion Chemistry.

Tao Xiao¹, Jin-Lin Yang^1,2, Ruo Jie Xu³

¹School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 1, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a dual single atomic catalyst for aqueous zinc-iodine batteries, balancing polyiodide adsorption and transport. This innovation enhances cathode stability and significantly improves battery performance.

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Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

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Published on: September 12, 2018

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Catalysis

Background:

Aqueous Zn-I2 batteries face challenges from polyiodide shuttling and slow redox kinetics.
Existing catalysts often fail to balance polyiodide adsorption with interfacial mass transport, leading to poor iodine utilization and capacity fade.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel catalytic interface that optimizes the balance between polyiodide adsorption and mass transport kinetics at the cathode.
To enhance the stability and performance of aqueous Zn-I2 batteries by addressing the limitations of current catalytic approaches.

Main Methods:

Employed a dual single atomic catalyst featuring Nickel-Nitrogen-Phosphorus (NiN4P) and Iron-Nitrogen-Phosphorus (FeN4P) sites.
Investigated the synergistic effects of FeN4 and NiN4 sites on polyiodide immobilization and mass transport, respectively.
Utilized phosphorus ligands to tune electronic properties and create favorable interfacial conditions.

Main Results:

The dual atomic catalyst achieved a well-balanced solvophilicity and iodophilicity at the cathode interface.
FeN4 sites enhanced polyiodide immobilization, while NiN4 sites improved mass transport kinetics.
The catalyst demonstrated high cycling stability and an ultralow self-discharge rate under low electrolyte-to-iodine ratios.

Conclusions:

The developed dual single atomic catalyst effectively regulates the aqueous halogen cathode interface.
This approach offers a promising strategy for achieving long cycle life in aqueous Zn-I2 batteries.
The findings provide critical insights for designing advanced catalysts for energy storage systems.