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Cholesterol Pericarditis

Mohammad Saquib Alam1, Khwaja Saifullah Zafar1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

JACC. Case Reports
|August 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cholesterol pericarditis, a rare cause of pericardial effusion, is diagnosed by analyzing pericardial fluid for cholesterol crystals. Prompt treatment involving pericardiocentesis and lipid management improves patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cholesterol pericarditis is a rare condition involving cholesterol crystal buildup in the pericardium.
  • It is frequently associated with hyperlipidemia and chronic inflammatory conditions.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old woman with hypercholesterolemia presented with dyspnea, chest pain, and fatigue.
  • Imaging revealed a massive pericardial effusion, confirmed by pericardiocentesis to contain cholesterol crystals.

Findings:

  • Pericardial fluid analysis is key to diagnosing cholesterol pericarditis.
  • Successful treatment involved pericardiocentesis, NSAIDs, and lipid-lowering therapy, resolving symptoms.

Implications:

  • Cholesterol pericarditis is an underrecognized cause of pericardial effusion requiring high clinical suspicion.
  • Early diagnosis and management, including lipid control, are crucial for favorable outcomes and preventing recurrence.
Abstract

Keywords:
dyslipidemiasechocardiographyelectrocardiogrampericardial effusion

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