Innovations in Dental Implants Integration: Optimizing dental implants performance utilizing stem cells and coatings

The last two decades, between 2000 and 2024, significant steps were achieved regarding the interaction between various stem cells and titanium implant surfaces to improve dental implant integration. This literature review focuses on the potential effects of (i) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), (ii) periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and (iii) dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) in promoting osseointegration and tissue regeneration. Studies have shown that combining these stem cells with Ti implants enhances bone formation, accelerates implant osseointegration, and improves long-term implant stability. Additionally, animal models and bioreactors have been employed to evaluate the effects of stem cells on dental implant performance, with some studies showing promising results, although certain models have also yielded inconsistent outcomes. The interaction between stem cells and surface-modified Ti implants has emerged as a key area of research, with results indicating improved healing times and reduced failure rates. This article provides an overview of these findings, highlighting the role of stem cells in not only replacing lost teeth but also actively regenerating the surrounding biological structures for a more integrated and natural outcome.