Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

1.7K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
1.7K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

2.5K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
2.5K
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

4.7K
In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
4.7K
Motor Units01:13

Motor Units

4.6K
The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
4.6K
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

3.6K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
3.6K
Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

8.5K
Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Machine-intelligent multimodal algebot for intracavitary chemotherapy.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Optical fibre gripper for high-performance 3D micromanipulation.

Nature·2026
Same author

In vivo dynamic hotspot-enhanced Raman spectroscopy via reconfigurable swarming nanoprobes.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Magnetoelectric microrobots for spinal cord injury regeneration.

Nature materials·2026
Same author

Deep Learning Assisted Motion Behavior Analysis of Catalytic Micromotors Based on Trajectory and Optical Flow.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Macroscopic Convective Fluid Flows Arising From Binding of Ions and Small Molecules to Proteins.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Bridging nanotechnology and mechanobiology.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same journal

Coherent 2D/3D van der Waals epitaxy enables single-crystal perovskite heterostructures.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same journal

Coherent 2D-3D van der Waals perovskite epitaxial heterostructures.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast, reconfigurable all-optical beam steering and spatial light modulation.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same journal

A high-energy hydrogen radical initiates efficient electrosynthesis of urea from CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System
09:48

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System

Published on: June 30, 2018

9.0K

A roadmap for next-generation nanomotors.

Shuqin Chen1,2, Donglei Emma Fan3,4, Peer Fischer5,6,7,8

  • 1Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.

Nature Nanotechnology
|August 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanomotor research has advanced significantly since 2004, exploring propulsion, collective behavior, and applications in medicine and environmental cleanup. Future work needs improved characterization, control, materials, and in vivo studies for theranostics and hybrid systems.

More Related Videos

Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation
08:09

Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation

Published on: October 15, 2019

6.7K
Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging
08:40

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Published on: March 13, 2019

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System
09:48

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System

Published on: June 30, 2018

9.0K
Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation
08:09

Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation

Published on: October 15, 2019

6.7K
Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging
08:40

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Published on: March 13, 2019

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Nanomotor research has progressed rapidly since 2004.
  • Key areas include propulsion mechanisms, collective behavior, and applications.
  • Current applications span biomedicine and environmental remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of nanomotor research.
  • To discuss challenges and future opportunities.
  • To introduce the concept of 'systems materials'.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nanomotor research.
  • Analysis of propulsion mechanisms and collective behavior.
  • Exploration of current and potential applications.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding nanomotor dynamics and applications.
  • Identification of key challenges in characterization, control, and materials.
  • Highlighting opportunities in theranostics and hybrid systems.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomotors hold promise for revolutionizing theranostics and creating 'living' hybrid systems.
  • Overcoming challenges in advanced techniques and materials is crucial.
  • The concept of 'systems materials' offers a new framework for development.