Neurofeedback training for executive function in ADHD children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Clinical Psychology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently exhibit executive function deficits.
• These deficits can significantly impact academic, social, and emotional development.
• Effective interventions are crucial for managing ADHD-related executive dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of neurofeedback training (NFT) in enhancing executive functions in children diagnosed with ADHD.
• To determine if specific NFT parameters, such as duration, influence treatment outcomes.
• To assess the long-term effects of NFT on executive functions in this population.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted.
• Studies were selected based on stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria and assessed for quality using the PEDro scale.
• Seventeen RCTs involving 939 participants were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Neurofeedback training (NFT) demonstrated significant improvements in global executive function, inhibitory control, and working memory in children with ADHD.
• NFT sessions exceeding 1,260 minutes were more effective in enhancing inhibitory control and working memory.
• The positive effects of NFT on inhibitory control and working memory were found to be enduring.

Conclusions:

• Neurofeedback training (NFT) is an effective intervention for improving inhibitory control and working memory in children with ADHD.
• Optimal NFT duration, particularly exceeding 1,260 minutes, maximizes benefits for working memory and inhibitory control.
• NFT offers sustained improvements in key executive functions, supporting its clinical utility for ADHD management.