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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Tissue-simulating Phantoms for Assessing Potential Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging Applications in Breast Cancer Surgery
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Diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy for breast conserving surgery.

Dhurka Shanthakumar1, Vadzim Chalau2, Yufeng Shi2

  • 1Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK. dshanthakumar08@gmail.com.

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
|August 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and laser induced intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy (IFS) can differentiate breast cancer from normal tissue. Further in vivo testing is needed for intraoperative margin assessment.

Keywords:
Breast cancer, marginsDiffuse reflectance spectroscopyIntraoperative margin assessment, spectroscopyIntrinsic fluorescence

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • High re-excision rates in breast conserving surgery stem from positive resection margins.
  • Accurate intraoperative margin assessment is crucial for effective breast cancer treatment.
  • Novel optical techniques are being explored to improve surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a combined diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and laser induced intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy (IFS) technique.
  • To determine if DRS-IFS can differentiate between normal and cancerous breast tissue samples.
  • To assess the potential of DRS-IFS as an intraoperative margin assessment tool.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo breast tissue samples from 138 patients were analyzed using a handheld DRS-IFS probe.
  • Spectral data was acquired and analyzed using machine learning classifiers.
  • Performance was evaluated against histopathology ground truth, calculating sensitivity, specificity, and AUC.

Main Results:

  • 18,349 spectra were collected from 181 breast tissue samples.
  • An extreme gradient boost classifier achieved 84% sensitivity, 61% specificity, and 75% overall diagnostic accuracy.
  • The area under the curve (AUC) for differentiating tissue types was 84%.

Conclusions:

  • The DRS-IFS technique demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing normal breast tissue from breast cancer.
  • The findings suggest potential for DRS-IFS in intraoperative margin assessment.
  • Further in vivo studies are required to validate diagnostic accuracy in a real-time surgical setting.