A Multi-factor analysis for evaluating habitat suitability of traditional settlements in Huizhou

This study systematically analyzed the driving factors affecting the spatial distribution of traditional villages in the Huizhou region of southern Anhui Province, China, using the GeoDetector method. Based on this analysis, a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation system for habitat suitability was established, revealing regional zoning characteristics. The results indicate: (1) Multiple factors influence the locations of traditional villages in Huizhou, among which precipitation, vegetation, geomorphology, ancient pathways, and land use exhibit stronger effects. Moreover, the interactions between any two factors have significantly greater impacts on village distribution than any single factor alone. (2) Habitat suitability in Huizhou exhibits a spatial differentiation pattern characterized by high suitability in the north and low suitability in the south. With the Wulong Mountain Range serving as a boundary, the northern region forms a high-suitability concentration area due to its basin topography, gentle terrain, and favorable climatic conditions. Conversely, the southern region is constrained by mountainous and hilly terrain, frequent rainfall, susceptibility to geological hazards, and limited transportation infrastructure, resulting in a low-suitability concentration area. (3) Overall, Huizhou exhibits good habitat suitability, with 44.53% of areas classified as highly suitable, 18.74% as moderately suitable, and 36.73% as areas of low suitability. Furthermore, 82.99% of traditional villages are situated in moderate-to-high suitability zones, which strongly aligns with the evaluation results and validates the reliability of the model. This study provides a scientific basis and methodological reference for protecting traditional villages in Huizhou and contributes to broader research on human habitats in mountainous regions worldwide.