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Related Experiment Videos

A rapid startle response in larval lampreys.

S Currie, R C Carlsen

    Brain Research
    |December 9, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Larval lampreys exhibit a rapid startle response to vibrations, involving simultaneous body contractions. This response, mediated by the labyrinth, is lost after its removal.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Comparative Physiology
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • The startle response is a fundamental protective reflex observed across many animal species.
    • Understanding the neural circuits underlying the startle response in primitive vertebrates can provide insights into evolutionary pathways.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the electromyographic (EMG) and cinematographic characteristics of the vibration-evoked startle response in larval lampreys.
    • To determine the role of the labyrinth in mediating this startle response.

    Main Methods:

    • Electromyography (EMG) and cinematography were used to record muscle activity and body movements.
    • Larval lampreys were subjected to vibratory stimuli.
    • Labyrinthectomy was performed to assess the role of the vestibular system.
    • Direct stimulation of otic capsules was employed in semi-intact preparations.

    Main Results:

    • A rapid, vibration-evoked startle response was observed in intact larval lampreys.
    • Vibratory stimuli induced simultaneous contraction of both sides of the lamprey's body.
    • The startle response was abolished following labyrinthectomy.
    • Midbody EMGs showed a stimulus-response latency of 26.5 +/- 4.2 ms.
    • Direct otic capsule stimulation evoked giant axon spikes in the spinal cord, preceding the bilateral trunk response.

    Conclusions:

    • The labyrinth plays a crucial role in mediating the vibration-evoked startle response in larval lampreys.
    • The startle response involves a rapid, bilateral motor output coordinated by the central nervous system.
    • This study elucidates the neural basis of a primitive startle reflex, offering insights into sensory-motor integration.

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