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Switched Controllers in Fully Closed Loop Insulin Delivery Systems: Reducing the Trade-Off Between Prandial Control

Fernando Leonel Da Rosa Jurao¹, Emilia Fushimi¹, Fabricio Garelli¹

¹Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales - LEICI (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

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Summary

A new switched tuning strategy for automated insulin delivery systems improves glucose control by balancing meal compensation and safety. This approach enhances time in range for individuals with diabetes without increasing hypoglycemia risk.

Keywords:

AID system artificial pancreas full closed‐loop switched control

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Control Systems Engineering
Diabetes Technology

Background:

Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems face challenges in managing mealtime glucose fluctuations while ensuring safety.
Balancing effective meal compensation with user safety during fasting periods is critical for AID control algorithms.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a novel switched tuning strategy for full closed-loop automated insulin delivery systems.
To assess the performance of this strategy in improving glucose regulation and safety.

Main Methods:

Proposed a switched tuning strategy employing distinct aggressive and conservative control tunings.
Implemented and analyzed the strategy with three control algorithms: Model Predictive Control (MPC), Proportional-Derivative (PD) control, and Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control.
Compared the switched strategy against aggressive and conservative non-switched controllers.

Main Results:

The switched strategy significantly enhanced the trade-off between meal compensation and safety across all tested algorithms.
Time in target glucose range (70-180 mg/dL) improved substantially: PD control (69.1%/83.1% to 86.6%), MPC (73.4%/74.1% to 85.8%), and LQG control (65.0%/70.4% to 85.6%).

Conclusions:

The switched tuning strategy offers a feasible and simple method to improve meal glucose management in AID systems.
This approach enhances glycemic control without elevating the risk of hypoglycemia after meals in people with diabetes.