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Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
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Mealtime Physiological Responses in Individuals With Eating Disorders and Healthy Controls.

Emma De Schuyteneer1,2, Robin Quagebeur1,2, Femke de Gooijer3,4

  • 1Mind-body Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

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PubMed
Summary

Individuals with eating disorders (ED) experience significant distress during mealtimes, yet their physiological stress responses differ from healthy controls. Autonomic nervous system reactivity may be altered in ED, impacting recovery.

Keywords:
anorexia nervosabulimia nervosafoodphysiologystress

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Area of Science:

  • Psychophysiology
  • Eating Disorder Research
  • Autonomic Nervous System Function

Background:

  • Mealtimes are a significant source of distress for individuals with eating disorders (ED), potentially hindering recovery.
  • Physiological responses during meals in ED populations are understudied.
  • Understanding autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity during meals is crucial for ED treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses during mealtimes in individuals with ED compared to healthy controls (HC).
  • To examine heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), skin conductance response (SCR), and skin temperature (ST) during lunchtime.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies assessed physiological measures (HR, HRV, SCR, ST) around lunchtime.
  • Study 1 included 47 hospitalized adult women with ED (anorexia nervosa (AN), atypical AN, bulimia nervosa (BN)).
  • Studies 2 and 3 involved 47 and 58 HC in daily life settings.

Main Results:

  • ED patients reported higher subjective stress but showed blunted physiological responses compared to HC.
  • HR decreased during meals in ED patients, contrasting with HC where HR and SCR increased pre-meal.
  • No significant changes in HRV were observed in ED patients; ST changes varied between ED subtypes and HC.

Conclusions:

  • A dissociation between subjective stress and physiological responses exists in ED.
  • Chronic stress or undernutrition may modulate ANS reactivity in ED.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of these factors on physiological stress responses in ED recovery.