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Distribution and Application of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Patients With Macrovascular Diseases

Jingjing Cui1, Xiaoyan Li1, Yue Hu1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|August 2, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are linked to increased risks of aortic ulcer and intramural hematoma in macrovascular disease patients. Early detection of ANCAs may aid in identifying patients at higher risk for these serious vascular conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are increasingly recognized in various inflammatory conditions.
  • Their role in macrovascular diseases, particularly concerning large vessel involvement, requires further elucidation.
  • Understanding ANCA distribution and clinical features in these patients is crucial for early diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ANCAs in patients with macrovascular diseases.
  • To identify early indicators associated with ANCA positivity in this patient cohort.
  • To assess the correlation between ANCA status and specific macrovascular lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 2000 patients.
  • Classification into ANCA-positive (n=180) and ANCA-negative (n=1820) groups based on immunofluorescence testing.
  • Comparison of clinicopathological features, including aortic ulcer, intramural hematoma, pulmonary infection, and laboratory markers (D-dimer, ESR, CRP).

Main Results:

  • ANCAs were detected in 9% of patients (180/2000), with perinuclear-type ANCAs being more common (71.7%).
  • ANCA-positive patients showed significantly higher incidences of aortic ulcer (5.6%) and aortic intramural hematoma (3.9%) compared to the ANCA-negative group (P < 0.05).
  • Elevated levels of D-dimer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were more frequent in ANCA-positive individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights a significant association between ANCA positivity and the presence of aortic intramural hematoma and aortic ulcer in macrovascular disease.
  • These findings suggest that ANCA testing may be valuable for identifying patients at risk for ANCA-associated vasculitis involving large vessels.
  • Vigilant monitoring for ANCA-associated vasculitis is recommended in patients with macrovascular diseases presenting with these specific lesions or elevated inflammatory markers.
Abstract

Keywords:
ANCAAortic intramural hematomaAortic local ulcerMacrovascular diseasePulmonary infections

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