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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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New insights into endothelial cell physiology and pathophysiology.

Małgorzata Józkowiak1, Julia Niebora2, Dominika Domagała2

  • 1Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|August 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Endothelial cells are key to vascular health and organ function. Research highlights their role in disease and potential use in regenerative medicine for conditions like heart attack and fibrosis.

Keywords:
Endothelial cellsEndothelial dysfunctionRegenerative medicineVascular homeostasis

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology and Physiology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Endothelial cells regulate vascular permeability, homeostasis, inflammation, and hemostasis.
  • They are involved in organ function via signaling and cellular interactions.
  • Endothelial cells are heterogeneous and adaptive, responding to stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiology and pathophysiology of endothelial cells.
  • To focus on recent findings and clinical applications.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on endothelial cells.
  • Analysis of endothelial cell heterogeneity and adaptive capacity.
  • Examination of endothelial cell involvement in pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial cells play critical roles beyond the circulatory system.
  • They are implicated in cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer.
  • Endothelial progenitor cells show therapeutic promise for ischemic diseases and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding endothelial cell function is crucial for treating various diseases.
  • Endothelial progenitor cells offer a promising avenue for regenerative therapies.
  • Further research into endothelial cells can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.