Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): Redefining antiparasitic drug delivery

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a highly promising platform in the biomedical field, particularly for advanced drug delivery. Their customizable design, which permits precise adjustment of porosity, pore size, and chemical composition, renders them ideal vehicles for the efficient transport and controlled release of therapeutic agents, a capability crucial for addressing parasitic diseases. In this review, we focus on the use of MOFs as drug delivery systems used in parasitic diseases. MOFs are highly effective drug delivery systems. Their capacity to encapsulate and precisely release antiparasitic compounds enhances therapeutic potency, enabling lower doses that reduce toxicity and improve patient safety (e.g., in Chagas disease). Additionally, MOFs augment drug activity and bioavailability, facilitating targeted delivery to infection sites. They can also protect vital tissues and modulate the host's immune response. Certain MOFs exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties. Their application has been demonstrated in various parasitic diseases, including cutaneous leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, chronic toxoplasmosis, and trichinosis. While challenges persist in optimizing their synthesis, achieving precise controlled release, and ensuring long-term biocompatibility, the promising results obtained to date unequivocally warrant sustained investment in their research and development. Ultimately, MOFs could provide more effective, safer, and highly targeted treatments, thereby transforming the lives of millions affected by these diseases.