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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

269
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
269
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

158
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
158
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

301
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
301
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

212
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
212
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

207
Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
207
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

514
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
514

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation
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Functional Esophageal Disorders in Children.

Neetu B Puri1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|August 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Functional esophageal disorders (FEDs) present with esophageal symptoms like heartburn or chest pain, excluding other known causes. These conditions are classified into pain-predominant or dysphagia-predominant types.

Keywords:
Esophageal disordersEsophageal pain disordersFunctional esophageal disordersGastroesophageal refluxNon-erosive reflux disease

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Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Physiology
  • Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Background:

  • Functional esophageal disorders (FEDs) are diagnosed when esophageal symptoms lack identifiable mechanical, motor, or reflux-related causes.
  • Common symptoms include dysphagia, heartburn, chest pain, and globus sensation, significantly impacting quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and categorize functional esophageal disorders (FEDs).
  • To outline the diagnostic criteria for pain-predominant FEDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and diagnostic criteria for esophageal disorders.
  • Classification of FEDs based on symptom presentation and exclusion of other pathologies.

Main Results:

  • FEDs encompass conditions not explained by structural or major functional abnormalities of the esophagus.
  • Pain-predominant FEDs include non-erosive reflux disease, reflux hypersensitivity, and functional heartburn.

Conclusions:

  • Functional esophageal disorders represent a distinct group of conditions characterized by esophageal symptoms without clear organic etiology.
  • Accurate classification aids in targeted management and further research into FEDs.