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Introduction of an Integrated Pathology Image Management, Artificial Intelligence, and Reporting System
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Artificial Intelligence in Perioperative Medication-Related Clinical Decision Support.

Maya Patel1, Karen C Nanji2

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

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|August 2, 2025
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Summary

Clinical decision support (CDS) can prevent most medication errors in the operating room (OR). Artificial intelligence (AI) integration into CDS requires more data and regulatory approval for widespread use.

Keywords:
AnesthesiaArtificial intelligenceClinical decision supportElectronic health recordInformaticsMedication errorsMedication safetyPatient safety

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare technology
  • Patient safety
  • Medical informatics

Background:

  • Medication errors in the operating room (OR) pose significant patient harm risks.
  • Clinical decision support (CDS) effectively reduces medication errors outside the OR.
  • Perioperative medication errors represent a critical area for safety improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of clinical decision support (CDS) in preventing medication errors within the operating room (OR).
  • To explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing CDS for perioperative safety.
  • To identify barriers and requirements for implementing AI-driven CDS in the OR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CDS effectiveness in medication error prevention.
  • Analysis of the potential application and integration of AI into perioperative CDS.
  • Discussion of data requirements, regulatory considerations, and human oversight for AI in CDS.

Main Results:

  • CDS has the potential to prevent up to 95% of perioperative medication errors.
  • AI can enhance CDS capabilities in data parsing, risk stratification, and patient monitoring.
  • Significant challenges exist, including the need for widespread perioperative CDS adoption to generate sufficient training data for AI.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical decision support (CDS) offers a promising strategy to mitigate medication errors in the operating room (OR).
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) integration into CDS requires substantial perioperative data and regulatory frameworks.
  • Human oversight and widespread CDS implementation are crucial for the successful deployment of AI in OR safety.