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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Cell-Free DNA Integrity Analysis in Urine Samples
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Urinary Tumor DNA-based Liquid Biopsy in Bladder Cancer Management: A Systematic Review.

Joanne Lee1, Fei Chen2, Antonio Lopez-Beltran3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.

European Urology Focus
|August 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Urinary tumor DNA (utDNA) offers a noninvasive, accurate method for bladder cancer (BCa) detection and monitoring. This promising biomarker enhances early diagnosis, recurrence surveillance, and treatment decisions, potentially improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
BladderEarly detection and diagnosisLiquid biopsyMinimal residual disease detectionUrine biomarker

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Urinary tumor DNA (utDNA) is an emerging noninvasive biomarker for bladder cancer (BCa).
  • Its accessibility and cost-effectiveness make it ideal for patient and clinical use.
  • utDNA aids in BCa care, diagnosis, early detection, recurrence monitoring, and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current applications and state of urinary tumor DNA (utDNA) in bladder cancer (BCa) management.
  • To analyze recent utDNA-based techniques for BCa research and clinical utility.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of articles published between 2015 and 2025.
  • Analysis focused on utDNA techniques and their relevance in BCa.

Main Results:

  • utDNA demonstrates superior noninvasive tumor detection, especially for minimal residual disease.
  • It provides critical data on tumor grade and staging for personalized treatment strategies.
  • While promising in small studies, larger validation is needed for clinical standardization.

Conclusions:

  • utDNA holds significant potential to enhance all stages of BCa detection, treatment, and monitoring.
  • It offers a more comfortable, accurate, and repeatable alternative to current methods like cystoscopy.
  • Increased utDNA sensitivity and accuracy can optimize patient treatment and improve outcomes by detecting low-grade tumors and early recurrence.