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Deconvolution, also known as inverse filtering, is the process of extracting the impulse response from known input and output signals. This technique is vital in scenarios where the system's characteristics are unknown, and they must be inferred from the observable signals.
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Approaching the holistic transcriptome-convolution and deconvolution in transcriptomics.

Maik Wolfram-Schauerte1, Thomas Vogel1, Hanati Tuoken2

  • 1Faculty of Science, Department of Computer Science, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Sand 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Briefings in Bioinformatics
|August 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores transcriptome convolution and deconvolution methods for analyzing gene activity in complex tissues. A holistic approach is needed to overcome data limitations and improve single-cell and bulk RNA-seq integration.

Keywords:
bulk RNA-Seqcell-type proportionsconvolutiondeconvolutionholistic transcriptomemachine learningscRNA-seqtranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Transcriptomics
  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Tissues comprise diverse cell populations with unique gene activities.
  • Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) measures gene activity at the tissue level.
  • Pathological processes alter tissue composition and cell-specific gene expression, challenging bulk RNA-seq analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and benchmark existing convolution and deconvolution methods for transcriptome analysis.
  • To introduce a "holistic transcriptome model" integrating both convolution and deconvolution.
  • To identify key challenges and propose a unified framework for advancing the field.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of existing single-cell and bulk RNA-seq (de)convolution methods.
  • Benchmarking of (de)convolution approaches.
  • Analysis of published (de)convolution studies.

Main Results:

  • Identified limited availability of suitable datasets as a major bottleneck.
  • Highlighted the use of inaccurate methods for model assessment and training.
  • Demonstrated the need for joint consideration of convolution and deconvolution.

Conclusions:

  • A holistic transcriptome model integrating convolution and deconvolution is essential.
  • A unified framework is proposed to foster collaborative advancements.
  • Addressing data limitations and improving assessment methods are critical for future progress.