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An Overview of Beriberi.

Amanda Gomes Pereira1, Letycia Netto de Paula Cunha2, Sergio Alberto Rupp Paiva1

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Medical Principles and Practice : International Journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre
|August 3, 2025
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Beriberi, a thiamine deficiency disorder, presents as wet (cardiac) or dry (neuropathy) forms. Early diagnosis via clinical signs and thiamine therapy is crucial for effective treatment and preventing severe outcomes.

Keywords:
BeriberiClinical featuresDiagnosisThiamineTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Disorders
  • Neurology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Beriberi is a severe nutritional disorder resulting from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency.
  • It manifests in two main forms: wet Beriberi, affecting the cardiovascular system, and dry Beriberi, causing polyneuropathy.
  • Despite being treatable, Beriberi is often misdiagnosed, posing life-threatening risks if not managed promptly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated clinical overview of Beriberi identification and treatment strategies.
  • To explore the historical context, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical management applications of Beriberi.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical signs and symptoms, potentially confirmed by thiamine deficiency tests or therapeutic trials.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge on Beriberi diagnosis and treatment.
  • It also examines historical data and underlying disease mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Clinical evaluation and therapeutic testing can be sufficient for diagnosing Beriberi, potentially negating the need for costly serum thiamine assays.
  • Prompt administration of thiamine, typically 100-300 mg daily, effectively improves symptoms.
  • Understanding historical and pathophysiological aspects can enhance clinical management.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate and timely diagnosis of Beriberi, primarily through clinical assessment and response to thiamine, is essential.
  • Effective treatment involves immediate thiamine supplementation.
  • This review offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals managing Beriberi patients.