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Motor-based and memory-based predictions distinctively modulate sensory processes.

Xinjing Li1, Qian Chu2, Yuhan Lu1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China.

Neuropsychologia
|August 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Action-induced suppression, a key aspect of sensorimotor integration, involves distinct neural mechanisms for motor and memory predictions. This study supports the Dual-Stream Prediction Model, showing separate processes for action-based and cue-based predictions.

Keywords:
Action-induced suppressionAssociative memoryDual-Stream prediction modelInternal forward modelPredictive coding

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Action-induced suppression is a phenomenon where neural responses to sensory feedback are reduced during self-initiated actions.
  • The underlying mechanisms are debated, with predictive coding and the Dual-Stream Prediction Model (DSPM) offering competing explanations.
  • DSPM proposes distinct processes for motor-based and memory-based predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct neural mechanisms of motor-based versus memory-based predictions in sensorimotor integration.
  • To test the predictions of the Dual-Stream Prediction Model against the general predictive coding framework.
  • To compare auditory event-related potential (ERP) responses in motor-auditory and visual-auditory tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Compared auditory ERPs elicited by self-initiated keypresses (motor-based) and visually cued auditory events (memory-based).
  • Utilized a matching judgment task to assess prediction accuracy and its effect on neural responses.
  • Analyzed ERP components, specifically N1 and P2, to identify differences in processing.

Main Results:

  • Significant suppression was observed at the P2 component in the motor-auditory task but not in the visual-auditory task when predictions matched feedback.
  • Auditory N1 component showed enhancement in both conditions, with greater enhancement in the motor-auditory task.
  • Findings suggest higher-level processing for prediction-perception interaction (P2) and early attentional modulation (N1).

Conclusions:

  • The results support the Dual-Stream Prediction Model by demonstrating functionally dissociable mechanisms for motor-based and memory-based predictions.
  • Action-induced suppression involves distinct neural pathways depending on whether predictions are action-based or memory-based.
  • Early auditory processing (N1) may be modulated by attention driven by task demands, while later components (P2) reflect prediction-specific processing.