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Heterogeneous Associations Between Community Social Capital and Loneliness: A Cross-sectional Study in 2019
Qiuyi Liu1, Koryu Sato1,2, Naoki Kondo1
1Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University.
Journal of Epidemiology
|August 3, 2025
Summary
Community social capital, including social cohesion and reciprocity, reduces loneliness in older adults. Civic participation
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Loneliness is a significant issue for older adults, impacting their health.
- Community social capital may help reduce loneliness.
- The role of social capital across different socioeconomic groups needs further exploration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between community social capital and loneliness in older adults.
- To examine how socioeconomic factors modify this relationship.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2019 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES).
- Inclusion of 24,206 participants aged 65 years and older.
- Measurement of loneliness using the UCLA 3-item scale and community social capital via civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity.
- Use of modified Poisson regression models with adjustments for sociodemographic factors and interaction analyses for gender, education, and income.
Main Results:
- Higher social cohesion and reciprocity were linked to lower loneliness prevalence.
- Civic participation's effect on loneliness differed by educational attainment.
- Individuals with higher education (≥13 years) showed a stronger loneliness reduction from civic participation.
Conclusions:
- Community social capital, especially cohesion and reciprocity, is associated with reduced loneliness in seniors.
- The impact of civic participation on loneliness is education-dependent.
- Interventions should promote social capital universally while considering educational backgrounds.
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