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  11. Association Between Air Pollution And Type Ii Diabetes In Italy From Clinical Data And Population-weighted Exposure At The Municipality Level

Association between air pollution and type II diabetes in Italy from clinical data and population-weighted exposure at the municipality level

Cristiana Abbafati1, Luciano Nieddu2, Giorgio Cattani3

  • 1Department of Juridical and Economic Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy. cristiana.abbafati@uniroma1.it.

Scientific Reports
|August 3, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is linked to higher type 2 diabetes (T2DM) rates in Italy. This study found that a greater proportion of PM2.5 relative to PM10 correlated with increased T2DM incidence and prevalence.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health Sciences
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Growing evidence links ambient particulate pollution to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk.
  • Both air pollution and T2DM are significant public health concerns in Italy.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the specific roles of PM2.5 and PM10 in T2DM within Italian municipalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and T2DM in Italian municipalities.
  • To analyze T2DM incidence and prevalence trends in relation to air pollution levels between 2013 and 2021.
  • To assess the impact of the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 on T2DM outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized national outpatient T2DM data from the Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD) and air pollution data from ISPRA.
Keywords:
Air pollutionEnvironmental determinants of healthMachine learningMixed effects model

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  • Employed population-weighted exposure (PWE) for air pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10).
  • Applied random effects models and non-parametric methods to analyze associations between air pollution metrics and T2DM incidence and prevalence.

    • Main Results:

    • T2DM incidence rates showed a significant decreasing trend over time.
    • PM10 exposure was not significantly associated with T2DM incidence rates after covariate adjustment.
    • Increases in the PM2.5 to PM10 ratio (pwratio) were significantly associated with higher T2DM incidence rates and prevalence proportions. Higher PM2.5 share correlated with increased T2DM burden.

    Conclusions:

    • The composition of particulate matter, specifically a higher proportion of PM2.5, is significantly associated with increased T2DM incidence and prevalence in Italian municipalities.
    • Findings suggest that PM2.5 plays a more critical role than PM10 alone in the relationship with T2DM.
    • The study highlights the importance of considering the specific components of air pollution for targeted public health interventions against T2DM.
    Type II diabetes