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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Exploring Polysubstance Use with a Data Mining Approach in Individuals with and without Mental Health Conditions.

Hyojung Kang1,2, Peng Zhang1, Ryan Sullivan3

  • 1College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.

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Polysubstance use is common in the U.S. Patterns are similar for those with and without mental health (MH) conditions, but more prevalent and associated in the MH group. Marijuana and opioids are frequently co-used.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Public health
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Polysubstance use is prevalent in the U.S. and linked to severe health outcomes.
  • Understanding co-use patterns is crucial for effective interventions.
  • Mental health conditions often co-occur with substance use disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify frequent polysubstance use patterns among U.S. adults.
  • To compare these patterns between individuals with and without mental health (MH) conditions.
  • To analyze the association strength of co-used substances.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2019-2022).
  • Included individuals who reported using at least one of ten substances in the past year.
  • Applied association analysis to identify co-use patterns and their prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Over 42% of individuals reported using multiple substances.
  • Top polysubstance patterns were similar across groups, but higher in the mental health group.
  • Marijuana and prescription opioids were the most commonly co-used substances; heroin co-used most with cocaine/methamphetamine.

Conclusions:

  • Complex polysubstance use patterns show both similarities and differences between individuals with and without mental health conditions.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions considering specific substance combinations and mental health status.
  • Prevalence and association of co-use patterns were elevated in the mental health group.