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Bridging Gaps in Long COVID Therapy: A Review.

Wassan Nori¹, Zina Abdullah Hussein¹, Roaa Mokram Hamed²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Current Medicinal Chemistry

|August 4, 2025

Summary

Long COVID-19 (LC) affects 42% of individuals, presenting persistent symptoms. Therapeutic strategies show promise but require further validation and personalized approaches for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Google scholar Long COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers non-pharmacological options pharmacological options

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Area of Science:

Medical Research
Public Health
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Long COVID-19 (LC) is a post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection characterized by persistent fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive impairment.
LC poses significant global health challenges, impacting patients' quality of life and functional capacity.
Pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of LC remain areas with considerable inconsistencies and research gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and address knowledge gaps in Long COVID-19 management.
To focus on therapeutic strategies, including non-pharmacological, pharmacological, experimental, and innovative approaches.
To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and guide future research for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive online literature search across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library.
Utilized keywords: "long COVID," "pharmacological options," "non-pharmacological options," "innovative strategies," "experimental," and "quality of life (QOL)."
Extracted and synthesized data to categorize therapeutic approaches, critically analyzing their mechanisms, indications, outcomes, and limitations.

Main Results:

Pooled prevalence of Long COVID-19 was 42%, with symptom duration from 3 months to 2 years.
Key risk factors identified include female sex, unvaccinated status, and pre-existing comorbidities.
Diagnosis of LC is challenging due to a lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and reliable biomarkers.

Conclusions:

Non-pharmacological strategies demonstrated varied efficacy, though limited by small sample sizes in reported studies.
Pharmacological agents show potential but require further clinical validation.
Experimental and innovative therapeutic strategies necessitate longer-term studies and robust validation to confirm efficacy and safety.