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Construction strategies of whole tumor cell vaccines

Xilin Wang1, Hanye Xu1, Hongyi Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China. hbshi@suda.edu.cn.

Biomaterials Science
|August 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Whole tumor cell vaccines (WTCVs) show promise for personalized cancer immunity but face clinical limitations. This review explores WTCV construction strategies and structural integrity

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Whole tumor cell vaccines (WTCVs) leverage the complete tumor antigen repertoire for personalized anti-tumor immunity.
  • WTCVs offer a strategy to address tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion.
  • Current clinical applications of WTCVs show limited therapeutic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review advanced construction strategies for WTCVs.
  • To analyze the impact of structural integrity on WTCV immunogenicity and efficacy.
  • To discuss challenges and future prospects for improving WTCV clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cutting-edge WTCV construction techniques, including dead and engineered living tumor cell-based vaccines.
  • Focus on the relationship between vaccine structural integrity and immune response.
  • Analysis of current challenges and future directions in WTCV development.

Main Results:

  • WTCV development is hindered by limited clinical benefits despite theoretical advantages.
  • Structural integrity is a critical factor influencing the immune response to WTCVs.
  • Optimizing WTCV fabrication is key to enhancing biosafety and immunogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into WTCV construction, focusing on structural integrity, is needed.
  • Improving WTCV biosafety and immunogenicity can enhance therapeutic efficacy.
  • Advancements in WTCV fabrication hold potential for improved clinical translation and cancer treatment.

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