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Widow and Widower Mortality in India: A Research Note.

Megan N Reed1, Babul Hossain2, Srinivas Goli3

  • 1Department of Sociology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

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Summary

Widowhood increases mortality risk for adults aged 25-59 in India, with no difference between men and women. However, conservative gender norms disproportionately affect widows, impacting their survival chances.

Keywords:
Gender normsIndiaMortalityWidowhood

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Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Widowhood is a significant life event linked to increased mortality globally.
  • Previous research has not specifically quantified widowhood's mortality impact in India.
  • Understanding these risks is crucial for public health interventions and social support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and contextualize the mortality risk associated with widowhood for men and women in India.
  • To compare mortality risks between widowed and married individuals across different age groups.
  • To examine the influence of gender norms on mortality risks for widows.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) waves 1 (2004-2005) and 2.
  • Tracked survival status of individuals over a seven-year period.
  • Employed statistical analysis to compare mortality rates based on marital status and age.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in mortality risk was found for widowhood among individuals aged 60 and older.
  • Adults aged 25-59 who were widowed exhibited higher mortality risks compared to married individuals.
  • Mortality risks for widows and widowers aged 25-59 were similar, but widows in conservative gender norm environments faced elevated risks.

Conclusions:

  • Widowhood poses a significant mortality risk for adults aged 25-59 in India, irrespective of gender.
  • While widowers and widows share similar elevated risks, gender norms create additional vulnerabilities for widows.
  • Findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive policies and social support systems for widowed individuals in India.