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Retirement pathways significantly impact health in aging societies. Both gradual and abrupt retirement correlate with poorer self-rated health compared to continued employment.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Population aging presents challenges for health and retirement policies.
  • Existing research on retirement and health often overlooks diverse retirement patterns.
  • Understanding heterogeneous retirement trajectories is crucial for health outcomes in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between distinct retirement pathways and self-rated health.
  • To address the limitation of previous studies focusing on uniform retirement effects.
  • To provide empirical evidence on the health implications of varied retirement patterns in Japan.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sequence analysis to identify retirement trajectories (ages 59-66) from longitudinal data.
  • Employed ordinary least-squares (OLS) and inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment models.
  • Assessed health using an index measure of self-rated health.

Main Results:

  • Both gradual and abrupt retirement pathways were associated with worse self-rated health compared to continued full-time employment.
  • Instrumental variable models yielded imprecise estimates, showing no clear association between retirement trajectories and health.
  • Findings remained robust across sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneous retirement pathways, specifically gradual and abrupt transitions, are linked to diminished health outcomes.
  • The study underscores the importance of considering diverse retirement experiences in aging populations.
  • Findings inform policy development regarding mandatory retirement and population aging.