Asymptomatic Simple Bone Cysts Revealed by Imaging: A Report of Two Cases

Simple bone cysts (SBCs) are rare benign intraosseous lesions typically discovered incidentally during radiographic examinations. This report presents two cases of mandibular SBCs in young North African males. The first case involved a 15-year-old with an asymptomatic radiolucent lesion between teeth 44 and 45, incidentally found after dental trauma. The second case concerned a 22-year-old with a swelling and a separate asymptomatic radiolucent lesion extending from tooth 34 to 38. In both cases, imaging revealed well-defined unilocular lesions with scalloped borders and no cortical expansion. Surgical exploration uncovered empty bone cavities containing minimal serosanguinous fluid. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of SBCs by identifying fibrous connective tissue lacking epithelial lining. Both patients underwent successful surgical curettage. These cases underscore the importance of radiographic, clinical, and histological correlation in diagnosing SBCs and highlight surgical exploration as both diagnostic and therapeutic. Accurate recognition is essential to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment.