Primary Renal Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report of a Rare and Aggressive Neoplasm

Primary sarcomas of renal origin are among the rarest tumors to present, and definitive diagnosis is based primarily on histopathology since there are no characteristic clinical features. Renal sarcomas are known for their aggressive growth and late presentation, resulting in a particularly poor prognosis. This article reports a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of renal origin in a 38-year-old female patient who presented with complaints of pain and a palpable abdominal mass. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen revealed a large tumor in the left kidney and tumor thrombus in the left renal vein extending up to the intrahepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (IVC). The patient underwent radical nephrectomy, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of renal leiomyosarcoma.