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Burden, Risk Factors, and Knowledge of Non-fatal Opioid Overdose Among Injectable Drug Users: A Cross-sectional

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Summary

Injectable drug users in Kolkata face high risks from opioid overdose, with dosage increases and injecting alone being major factors. Comprehensive prevention programs and naloxone training are crucial to reduce overdose deaths.

Keywords:
Injectopioid substitution therapy (OST)opioidsoverdose

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Opioid overdose is a critical public health issue, particularly among injectable drug users (IDUs).
  • Non-fatal overdoses are significant predictors of fatal outcomes.
  • Understanding the burden, risk factors, and awareness of non-fatal overdose among IDUs in Kolkata is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with non-fatal opioid overdose.
  • To assess the level of awareness regarding overdose management among IDUs in Kolkata.
  • To inform the development of targeted overdose prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 331 IDUs diagnosed with opioid use disorders in Kolkata.
  • Data collection via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire.
  • Analysis included descriptive statistics and regression to identify risk factors and knowledge gaps.

Main Results:

  • Heroin and buprenorphine were commonly used substances.
  • Key risk factors included increased heroin dosage, injecting alone, and syringe sharing.
  • Awareness of emergency services was moderate, but knowledge of naloxone was nonexistent; significant demand for overdose management training was reported.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent need for comprehensive overdose prevention programs targeting IDUs in Kolkata.
  • Naloxone distribution and training are vital components for reducing opioid overdose mortality.
  • Community-based education is necessary to bridge knowledge gaps and improve overdose response.