Interplay Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Recent...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Psychology
• Public Health

Background:

• Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are increasingly recognized for their impact on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
• Limited research specifically addresses the distinct role of ACEs in the onset, severity, and progression of ADHD, ASD, and cognitive impairments.
• Understanding the complex interplay between early life adversity and neurodevelopment is critical for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and critically summarize existing research on the relationship between ACEs and NDDs.
• To assess the current knowledge regarding the interdependency of ACEs and NDDs.
• To identify literature gaps and propose future research directions and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search using PECO and PRISMA frameworks across four major databases (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EBSCO, PubMed).
• Inclusion of 32 studies meeting predefined criteria, with quality assessment using MERSQI and CASP.
• Critical evaluation of the interplay between ACEs and specific NDDs: ADHD, ASD, and cognitive impairments.

Main Results:

• The review found strong empirical evidence supporting a consistent bidirectional, cyclical, and dose-response association between ACEs and NDDs.
• Most included studies were of moderate-to-high quality, indicating robust findings.
• The findings highlight the pervasive influence of early life adversity on neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Conclusions:

• ACEs significantly influence the development, severity, and progression of NDDs, including ADHD, ASD, and cognitive impairments.
• There is a need for high-quality research, employing diverse methodologies, to further elucidate the dynamic interplay between ACEs and NDDs.
• Future research should inform the design of effective interventions for individuals affected by ACEs and NDDs.