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Glycemic management in patients with immune-related diabetes mellitus: A scoping review

Yuan Jiang1, Xiaoyan Wang1, Lei Lei1

  • 1Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China.

SAGE Open Medicine
|August 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors may develop immune-related diabetes mellitus. This review synthesizes evidence on managing this condition, offering best practices for glycemic control and patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce immune-related diabetes mellitus (irDM) via islet β-cell destruction.
  • Effective glycemic management is crucial for cancer patients with irDM to prevent complications and treatment disruption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and synthesize evidence on glycemic management strategies for irDM in cancer patients.
  • To consolidate best practices for the comprehensive care of irDM.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR checklist.
  • Systematic literature search across multiple databases and repositories up to June 30, 2024.
  • Inclusion of 9 studies after screening 5085 records.

Main Results:

  • Evidence synthesized into five key domains: risk assessment/early detection, therapeutic interventions/monitoring, patient education, glycemic target optimization, and multidisciplinary care coordination.
  • Identified strategies focus on proactive management and tailored approaches for irDM.
  • Consolidated evidence-based practices for optimal patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of evidence-based glycemic management for irDM.
  • Clinicians should individualize management strategies based on patient profiles.
  • Optimized care can improve outcomes and minimize treatment interruptions for cancer patients with irDM.
Keywords:
Cancerglycemic managementhyperglycemiaimmune checkpoint inhibitorsscoping review

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