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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Amplifying post-stimulation oscillatory dynamics by engaging synaptic plasticity with transcranial alternating

Jeremie Lefebvre1,2,3,4, Aref Pariz1,3,5

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Network Physiology
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Heterogeneity in neuron properties allows transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to amplify brain rhythms. This effect, driven by synaptic plasticity, enhances post-stimulation brain activity, offering potential for neurological disorder treatments.

Keywords:
brain stimulationheterogeneitynetwork physiologyneurons timescale diversitypost-stimulation after-effectsstimulation-induced

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Periodic brain stimulation (PBS) shows promise for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • PBS modulates brain oscillations to engage synaptic plasticity for lasting effects.
  • Variability in neuronal properties limits the clinical potential of PBS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate conditions for amplified post-stimulation oscillatory power with transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).
  • Examine the role of neuronal heterogeneity in tACS aftereffects.
  • Analyze the impact of neuron time scales on post-stimulation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a population of balanced Leaky-Integrate and Fire (LIF) neurons.
  • Simulated synchronous-irregular spiking activity.
  • Examined the effects of heterogeneity in neuron time scales on tACS response.

Main Results:

  • Neuronal heterogeneity enables tACS to engage synaptic plasticity, amplifying post-stimulation power.
  • Post-stimulation aftereffects stem from selective frequency- and cell-type-specific synaptic modifications.
  • Evaluated the role of stimulation-induced plasticity in excitatory and inhibitory populations.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneity in neuron time scales and synaptic plasticity are crucial for tACS to amplify endogenous brain rhythms.
  • These findings highlight mechanisms for enhancing the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation.
  • Potential for improved neuromodulatory treatments for brain disorders.