Working with worldview differences in Aotearoa: a relational approach to Te Tiriti-based governance

The governance of Aotearoa New Zealand continues to be shaped by ongoing debates over the interpretation and implementation of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Recent legislative proposals, such as the Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi and the Regulatory Standards Bill, highlight the persistent tensions between Māori and Western epistemologies. These tensions are not merely legal disputes but reflect deeper worldview differences that shape decision-making, authority and relational obligations. This viewpoint argues for a Tiriti Relationships Framework that moves beyond adversarial, binary approaches to governance and instead prioritises relational engagement. Rather than treating Te Tiriti as a static legal document, we propose a framework honouring tino rangatiratanga (Māori self-determination) and kāwanatanga (Crown governance) through codecision-making and power-sharing. By centring relationships, this model challenges the dominance of Western legalism and fosters governance structures that reflect Aotearoa's diverse and evolving social realities. Through examples, we demonstrate how relational approaches lead to more sustainable and equitable outcomes. We argue that reimagining governance in this way is essential for realising the full potential of Te Tiriti as a living and dynamic agreement that benefits all peoples of Aotearoa.