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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Automatic species identification from images for Aotearoa.

Hongyu Wang1, Paul Schlumbom2, Eibe Frank1

  • 1School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.

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|August 4, 2025
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Summary

We developed machine learning models for automatic species identification in New Zealand. These AI tools achieve over 76% accuracy, aiding conservation and education efforts.

Keywords:
Image classificationcomputer visionconvolutional neural networksfinetuningspecies identificationtransfer learning

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Computer Science
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Accurate species identification is crucial for conservation and education.
  • New Zealand's unique biodiversity presents an opportunity for automated identification systems.
  • Machine learning offers a powerful approach for image classification tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate neural network-based image classification models for New Zealand species.
  • To enable accurate, offline species identification on mobile devices.
  • To provide open-source tools for biodiversity research and public engagement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dataset of 14,991 species from iNaturalist, covering Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and other kingdoms.
  • Trained neural network models for image classification.
  • Calibrated model confidence using temperature scaling and employed input attribution for interpretability.

Main Results:

  • Achieved over 76% classification accuracy across all species.
  • Generated calibrated class probability estimates for confidence assessment.
  • Demonstrated the utility of input attribution for understanding model predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed models provide accurate and reliable species identification for New Zealand organisms.
  • The open-source, offline-capable applications support conservation, education, and research.
  • This work facilitates biodiversity monitoring and public engagement with Aotearoa's unique species.