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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

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Pain and pessimism affect calves' play behaviours post-disbudding.

Amelia St John Wallis1, Suzanne D E Held1, Michael T Mendl1

  • 1Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS40 5DU UK.

Discover Animals
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
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Hot-iron disbudding significantly reduced play-fighting in calves for at least seven days. Pessimistic calves showed slower recovery in locomotor play, indicating a greater impact of pain and stress on their behavior.

Area of Science:

  • Animal Behavior
  • Animal Welfare
  • Veterinary Science

Background:

  • Painful procedures like hot-iron disbudding can impact animal behavior, particularly play.
  • Individual differences in temperament, such as pessimism, may influence an animal's response to pain and stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of hot-iron disbudding on different types of play behavior in calves.
  • To determine if 'pessimism,' assessed via judgment bias, influences behavioral changes after disbudding.

Main Methods:

  • Holstein female calves were assessed for judgment bias before disbudding.
  • Locomotor play and play-fighting were recorded before, during, and after hot-iron disbudding.
  • Behavioral data were analyzed to compare play across different time points and temperaments.
Keywords:
CattleDehorningEmotionOptimismSufferingWell-being

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Main Results:

  • Play-fighting significantly decreased post-disbudding and did not recover within seven days.
  • Locomotor play showed no immediate change but increased the day after disbudding.
  • Pessimistic calves exhibited a reduced increase in locomotor play the day after disbudding, suggesting impaired recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Play-fighting appears to be a sensitive indicator of persistent pain following hot-iron disbudding in calves.
  • Pessimistic temperament may hinder calves' ability to cope with and recover from stressors like disbudding.