Noise-induced hearing loss among military personnel in Saudi Arabia: a preliminary study

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), with significant global prevalence. Occupational, environmental, and recreational noise exposure has heightened concerns about NIHL in Saudi Arabia. Despite general awareness of noise-related auditory risks, misconceptions about safe exposure durations and listening practices persist. This cross-sectional preliminary study investigated the effects of noise exposure on military personnel in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using a structured approach that included case histories and audiological assessments. The study included 40 male participants, primarily aged 41-50 years, with an extensive military service. Case histories and audiological assessments revealed that 77.5% experienced prolonged occupational noise exposure. Tinnitus was the most common symptom (60%), and bilateral hearing loss was more prevalent (87.5%) than unilateral. Audiometric findings revealed distinct SNHL profiles among the participants, particularly those with prolonged exposure durations. While prolonged exposure correlated with more severe hearing loss, statistical significance was not achieved (P = 0.60). The participants with more than 2 years of experience reported tinnitus (61.8%) and dizziness (14.7%). The findings align with global evidence linking military environments to the high prevalence of NIHL due to hazardous noise levels. Bilateral SNHL patterns and the predominance of tinnitus underscore the cumulative auditory damage associated with chronic exposure. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing effective hearing conservation programs, which include regular auditory assessments, mandatory use of hearing protection, and education on the risks of NIHL. Addressing these factors is critical to mitigating the societal and occupational impacts of NIHL in Saudi Arabia.