Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

280
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
280
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

593
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
593
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

650
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
650
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

516
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
516
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

278
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
278
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

450
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
450

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Statin Induced New-onset Diabetes Mellitus - A Narrative Review.

Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives·2026
Same author

Methotrexate Toxicity Management in Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Case Report.

Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives·2026
Same author

Ileal Diverticulitis Leading to Small Bowel Obstruction: A Rare Case of Ileal diverticular Disease.

Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives·2026
Same author

IgA Nephropathy Secondary to COVID-19 Infection - A Case Report.

Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives·2024
Same author

The Unseen Danger of Methotrexate Toxicity.

Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives·2024
Same author

Toxic Megacolon Due to Fulminant <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection.

The New England journal of medicine·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.8K

Epilepsy Secondary to Polymicrogyria.

Yuktha Putta1, Samuel B Miller2, Sumanth K Bandaru1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, USA.

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A young man

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Substance Abuse

Background:

  • Seizures can be triggered by various factors, including substance abuse.
  • Identifying underlying structural causes is crucial for effective seizure management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential structural causes of seizures in a patient with polysubstance abuse.
  • To highlight the significance of neuroimaging in seizure disorder diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a young adult male presenting with a witnessed seizure.
  • Comprehensive drug screening.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain.

Main Results:

  • Drug screen positive for cocaine, marijuana, and benzodiazepines.
Keywords:
Cortical malformationEpilepsyPolymicrogyria

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Studying Clinical Characters and Epilepsy Outcomes After Frontal Disconnection in Patients with MOGHE
06:04

Author Spotlight: Studying Clinical Characters and Epilepsy Outcomes After Frontal Disconnection in Patients with MOGHE

Published on: August 16, 2024

1.0K
Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

20.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.8K
Author Spotlight: Studying Clinical Characters and Epilepsy Outcomes After Frontal Disconnection in Patients with MOGHE
06:04

Author Spotlight: Studying Clinical Characters and Epilepsy Outcomes After Frontal Disconnection in Patients with MOGHE

Published on: August 16, 2024

1.0K
Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

20.5K
  • Brain MRI revealed polymicrogyria, a cortical developmental malformation.
  • Polymicrogyria is a known risk factor for epilepsy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Structural brain abnormalities like polymicrogyria can cause seizures, even in the context of drug abuse.
    • Thorough investigation for structural causes is essential before attributing seizures solely to substance use.
    • This case underscores the importance of neuroimaging in diagnosing seizure disorders in polysubstance users.