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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Fungi01:29

Overview of Fungi

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Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
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Shifu-Inspired Fungal Paper Yarns.

Anne Zhao1, Mitchell P Jones1, Kathrin Weiland1,2,3

  • 1Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel method for creating fungal yarns from engineered fungal biomass sheets using the Japanese Shifu technique. These sustainable fungal chitin-β-glucan yarns show promising mechanical properties for textiles and decor.

Keywords:
biorefineryfungal chitinpaper yarnshifutextiles

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Textile Engineering

Background:

  • Fungal biorefinery offers potential for advanced fabric production, but is limited by the sheet-based nature of fungal materials.
  • Current methods for processing fungal biopolymers like chitin and chitosan into yarns are hazardous and expensive due to the need for harsh chemicals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a viable method for producing fungal yarns from engineered fungal biomass sheets.
  • To explore the influence of precursor properties and chemical modifications on yarn mechanical strength.
  • To assess the potential of fungal yarns for applications in fashion and decor.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Japanese Shifu technique to create yarns from engineered fungal chitin-β-glucan sheets.
  • Investigated the effect of sheet precursor grammage and glycerol-based plasticization on yarn properties.
  • Examined the mechanical performance of yarns hybridized with nanocellulose.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced fungal yarns with tunable linear density and mechanical strength.
  • Demonstrated that yarn strength is influenced by sheet precursor grammage and can be modified by plasticization.
  • Fungal yarns exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to commercial cellulose paper yarns and were comparable to cotton and viscose yarns.
  • Nanocellulose hybridization resulted in decreased strength, stiffness, and ductility due to poor interfacial adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal yarns produced via the Shifu technique from engineered fungal biomass sheets are a viable alternative to conventional textile materials.
  • These fungal yarns possess mechanical properties suitable for diverse applications, including textiles, upholstery, and carpets.
  • The developed method overcomes limitations of traditional fungal material processing, opening new avenues for sustainable fashion and decor.