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Related Concept Videos

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Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices
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A Moiré Superlattice Induced Thermal Switch for Modulating Interfacial Heat Transfer.

Yun Dong1, Chunjie Zhang1, Yi Tao2

  • 1School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed a moiré superlattice heat switch to control heat flow. Adjusting the twist angle and temperature significantly alters heat transfer efficiency by managing atomic stress and scattering.

Keywords:
interfacial thermal conductancemoiré superlatticestacked MoS2thermal switchtwist engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Controlling heat transfer at interfaces is crucial for thermal management in electronic devices.
  • Moiré superlattices offer tunable electronic and physical properties based on their structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulation of interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) using a moiré superlattice heat switch.
  • To understand the influence of twist angle, temperature, and normal load on ITC.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a heat switch utilizing moiré superlattice principles.
  • Experimental measurement of ITC under varying twist angles, temperatures, and applied normal loads.

Main Results:

  • Interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) decreases significantly with increasing twist angle.
  • ITC exhibits nonmonotonic behavior with temperature, influenced by competing factors.
  • Higher normal loads shift the temperature threshold for nonmonotonic ITC variations.

Conclusions:

  • Moiré superlattices provide a novel mechanism for actively controlling interfacial thermal conductance.
  • The interplay between structural fluctuations, atomic stress, and thermal expansion dictates heat transfer efficiency.
  • This technology holds potential for advanced thermal management solutions.