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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional biochemistry
  • Exercise physiology
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Ketone salt (KS) supplementation aims to induce nutritional ketosis for performance and health benefits.
  • Racemic KS contains both D/L isomers of β-hydroxybutyrate.
  • Current blood meters primarily measure only the D-isomer of β-hydroxybutyrate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of blood ketone meters in measuring serum β-hydroxybutyrate compared to GC-MS.
  • To assess the impact of racemic KS consumption on β-hydroxybutyrate levels measured by both methods.
  • To identify limitations of current blood meters in assessing ketosis from racemic KS.

Main Methods:

  • Triple-blinded, cross-over study design.
  • 16 healthy adults participated.
  • Serum β-hydroxybutyrate measured using a blood ketone meter and GC-MS pre- and post-ingestion of placebo or racemic KS.

Main Results:

  • Both GC-MS and blood meter showed increased β-hydroxybutyrate post-KS ingestion compared to placebo.
  • GC-MS consistently reported significantly higher β-hydroxybutyrate levels than the blood meter, both with placebo and KS.
  • Blood meter readings were significantly lower than GC-MS, even in the absence of KS supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • Blood ketone meters underestimate total serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels.
  • Current blood meters are inadequate for accurately measuring ketosis induced by racemic ketone salts due to their inability to detect L-β-hydroxybutyrate.
  • Development of advanced ketone measurement devices is needed for precise monitoring of nutritional ketosis.