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Airborne precautions:
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Pleural Effusion Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

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Parsonage-Turner Syndrome Following COVID-19 Exposures: A Systematic Review.

James A Butterfield1, Kiernan J Gunn1, Keith Sweitzer1

  • 1University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA.

Hand (New York, N.Y.)
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) cases are increasing post-COVID-19. Early diagnosis with MRI and electrodiagnostic studies is crucial for effective treatment and recovery in affected patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19Parsonage-Turner syndromeSARS-CoV-2neuralgic amyotrophysystematic reviewvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) is a rare neuropathy causing shoulder pain and muscle weakness.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a rise in reported PTS cases linked to infection or vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and analyze cases of PTS associated with COVID-19 infection or vaccination.
  • To identify trends in diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for COVID-19-related PTS.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar).
  • Identification and analysis of reported cases of PTS following COVID-19 infection or vaccination.
  • Recording of diagnostic modalities and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • 54 patients developed PTS after COVID-19 vaccination and 26 after infection.
  • Symptom onset averaged 9.5 days post-vaccination versus 18.8 days post-infection.
  • MRI and electrodiagnostic studies (EMG/NCS) are key diagnostic tools, with specific findings noted.

Conclusions:

  • An increase in COVID-19-related PTS cases is anticipated in hand clinics.
  • Optimal timing for MRI (3 weeks) and electrodiagnostic studies (2 weeks) post-symptom onset is suggested.
  • Hand surgeons must be prepared for diagnosis and management to optimize patient recovery.