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Related Concept Videos

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

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Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
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Dynamic Dissolution-Deposition Equilibrium Enables Unprecedented HER Stability in Acidic PEMWE.

Zhibin Li1,2, Haonan Zhong1,2, Xiongjun Liu1,2

  • 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new high-entropy alloy catalyst for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) that enhances hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) stability and durability under fluctuating renewable power.

Keywords:
dynamic dissolution‐deposition equilibriumhigh entropy alloyhydrogen evolution reactionnanoporous

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is crucial for green hydrogen production using renewable energy.
  • Catalyst degradation in acidic media under intermittent power supply limits PEMWE durability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable and active catalyst for PEMWE by addressing acid-driven degradation.
  • To investigate a dynamic dissolution-deposition equilibrium for enhanced catalyst longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a high-entropy alloy (FeCoNiNbPt) derived architecture.
  • Utilizing a dealloying process to create a porous scaffold with NbOx buffer and Pt-rich nanocrystals.
  • Characterization of catalyst performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under simulated operating conditions.

Main Results:

  • The engineered catalyst exhibits exceptional HER stability (>2200 h at 1 A cm⁻²) and activity (137 mV at 1 A cm⁻²).
  • A dynamic self-adaptive mechanism involving dissolution-deposition equilibrium was identified.
  • The catalyst demonstrates a 60% reduction in platinum loading compared to commercial Pt/C.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic equilibrium design paradigm offers a pathway to highly durable PEMWE catalysts.
  • This approach enables efficient green hydrogen production using renewable energy sources.
  • The catalyst's industrial applicability is highlighted by its mass-producible nature and reduced platinum content.