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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

17.9K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
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Confined colloidal droplets dry to form circular mazes.

Ilaria Beechey-Newman1, Natalya Kizilova2,3, Andreas Andersen Hennig1

  • 1Department of Physics, PoreLab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Slow evaporation of confined droplets prevents coffee-stain rings, forming intricate maze patterns instead. This discovery offers new insights into droplet evaporation and pattern formation under confinement.

Keywords:
colloidsdryingfingering instabilitypattern formationself-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Sessile droplets containing particles typically form coffee-stain rings upon drying due to evaporative flux and particle deposition.
  • Understanding droplet evaporation is crucial for various applications, including printing, coating, and biological sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drying behavior of particle-laden droplets confined within a slit.
  • To identify novel pattern formation mechanisms beyond the typical coffee-stain ring.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of droplet evaporation under controlled confinement and slow evaporation rates.
  • Analysis of the resulting deposit patterns and correlation with evaporation dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Particle-laden droplets confined in a slit and evaporating slowly do not form coffee-stain rings.
  • Intricate, circular maze-like patterns are formed instead of uniform rings.
  • The formation of these maze patterns is dependent on specific confinement and evaporation conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Confinement and slow evaporation fundamentally alter droplet drying behavior, suppressing coffee-stain ring formation.
  • Novel maze-like patterns emerge from confined droplet evaporation, presenting new avenues for pattern formation research.
  • These findings suggest potential for controlled fabrication of complex microstructures using droplet evaporation.